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Hard spheres : ウィキペディア英語版
Hard spheres
Hard spheres are widely used as model particles in the statistical mechanical theory of fluids and solids. They are defined simply as impenetrable spheres that cannot overlap in space. They mimic the extremely strong repulsion that atoms and spherical molecules experience at very close distances. Hard spheres systems are studied by analytical means, by molecular dynamics simulations, and by the experimental study of certain colloidal model systems.
==Formal definition==

Hard spheres of diameter \sigma are particles with the following pairwise interaction potential:
:V(\mathbf_1,\mathbf_2)=\left\\quad |\mathbf_1-\mathbf_2| \geq \sigma \\ \infty & \mbox\quad|\mathbf_1-\mathbf_2| < \sigma \end \right.
where \mathbf_1 and \mathbf_2 are the positions of the two particles.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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